登陆注册
5349400000021

第21章

From the principle thus stated, it also follows that concubinage is as little capable of being brought under a contract of right as the hiring of a person on any one occasion, in the way of a pactum fornicationis.For, as regards such a contract as this latter relation would imply, it must be admitted by all that any one who might enter into it could not be legally held to the fulfillment of their promise if they wished to resile from it.And as regards the former, a contract of concubinage would also fall as a pactum turpe; because as a contract of the hire (locatio, conductio), of a part for the use of another, on account of the inseparable unity of the members of a person, any one entering into such a contract would be actually surrendering as a res to the arbitrary will of another.Hence any party may annul a contract like this if entered into with any other, at any time and at pleasure; and that other would have no ground, in the circumstances, to complain of a lesion of his right.The same holds likewise of a morganatic or "left-hand" marriage, contracted in order to turn the inequality in the social status of the two parties to advantage in the way of establishing the social supremacy of the one over the other; for, in fact, such a relation is not really different from concubinage, according to the principles of natural right, and therefore does not constitute a real marriage.Hence the question may be raised as to whether it is not contrary to the equality of married persons when the law says in any way of the husband in relation to the wife, "he shall be thy master," so that he is represented as the one who commands, and she is the one who obeys.This, however, cannot be regarded as contrary to the natural equality of a human pair, if such legal supremacy is based only upon the natural superiority of the faculties of the husband compared with the wife, in the effectuation of the common interest of the household, and if the right to command is based merely upon this fact.

For this right may thus be deduced from the very duty of unity and equality in relation to the end involved.

27.Fulfillment of the Contract of Marriage.

The contract of marriage is completed only by conjugal cohabitation.

A contract of two persons of different sex, with the secret understanding either to abstain from conjugal cohabitation or with the consciousness on either side of incapacity for it, is a simulated contract; it does not constitute a marriage, and it may be dissolved by either of the parties at will.But if the incapacity only arises after marriage, the right of the contract is not annulled or diminished by a contingency that cannot be legally blamed.

The acquisition of a spouse, either as a husband or as a wife, is therefore not constituted facto- that is, by cohabitation- without a preceding contract; nor even pacto- by a mere contract of marriage, without subsequent cohabitation; but only lege, that is, as a juridical consequence of the obligation that is formed by two persons entering into a sexual union solely on the basis of a reciprocal possession of each other, which possession at the same time is only effected in reality by the reciprocal usus facultatum sexualium alterius.

Title II.Parental Right.(Parent and Child).

28.The Relation of Parent and Child.

From the duty of man towards himself- that is, towards the humanity in his own person there thus arises a personal right on the part of the members of the opposite sexes, as persons, to acquire one another really and reciprocally by marriage.In like manner, from the fact of procreation in the union thus constituted, there follows the duty of preserving and rearing children as the products of this union.Accordingly, children, as persons, have, at the same time, an original congenital right- distinguished from mere hereditary right- to be reared by the care of their parents till they are capable of maintaining themselves; and this provision becomes immediately theirs by law, without any particular juridical act being required to determine it.

For what is thus produced is a person, and it is impossible to think of a being endowed with personal freedom as produced merely by a physical process.And hence, in the practical relation, it is quite a correct and even a necessary idea to regard the act of generation as a process by which a person is brought without his consent into the world and placed in it by the responsible free will of others.This act, therefore, attaches an obligation to the parents to make their children- as far as their power goes- contented with the condition thus acquired.Hence parents cannot regard their child as, in a manner, a thing of their own making; for a being endowed with freedom cannot be so regarded.Nor, consequently, have they a right to destroy it as if it were their own property, or even to leave it to chance; because they have brought a being into the world who becomes in fact a citizen of the world, and they have placed that being in a state which they cannot be left to treat with indifference, even according to the natural conceptions of right.

同类推荐
  • 台湾府舆图纂要

    台湾府舆图纂要

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 和权载之离合诗

    和权载之离合诗

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 说诗晬语

    说诗晬语

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 天门街西观荣王聘妃

    天门街西观荣王聘妃

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 东堂词

    东堂词

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
热门推荐
  • 2012年中国青春文学精选

    2012年中国青春文学精选

    精选2012年中国最具代表性的青春文学作品。 书中的这些文章反映了2012年度我国青春文学这个文体领域最主要的创作流派、题材热点、艺术形式上的微妙变化 ,同时,在风格、手法、形式、语言等方面充分多样化,注重作品的创新价值,注重满足广大读者的阅读期待,雅俗共赏。
  • 时光之恋璇暝

    时光之恋璇暝

    【1V1快穿】他与她本已成婚,但怎料,他被他父亲所杀,魔宫宫主一怒,天下皆为之大乱,而她亦随他而去,醒后,她被一个自称系统的不明物绑定。
  • 凤御苍穹:天才五公主

    凤御苍穹:天才五公主

    她本是翱翔九天的七彩天凤,却遭遇恋人背叛,折翼身死,一夕之间,全族尽灭。千年后涅磐重生,她誓要夺回一切。说她不具武脉不能修炼?渣渣们睁大狗眼看清楚,什么叫惊艳绝才天生异禀!炼神器,御万兽,笑傲九天。但这条一天到晚就招惹她的小龙是怎么回事?喂,贱人烈,调戏姐可是要付出代价的!那人却道:“你我同仇敌忾,不如缔结良缘,共同为祸苍生!”
  • 十八岁的时候

    十八岁的时候

    到小镇的时候,张山不够十八岁,青桃一个,还处于混沌初开的年龄,什么事都懵懵懂懂的。无论什么地方,一有水,就活泛了,就有灵性了,小镇也是这样。那时,张山不读书,想写作,想将来成为大师。张山的爹不同意,说:“狗东西,写书屁用。去,读书。”张山不,他爹就用棍子打,打断了三根,没把他打到学校去,相反,他一跳,悄悄到了小镇,成了一个地道的流浪汉……张山拿着信,他的面前又站着吴叶,拿着他的文章,在认真地读着,脸上带着微笑道:“写得真好,你一定会成为作家的。”
  • 穿成豪门宠文的白富美女配

    穿成豪门宠文的白富美女配

    一直梦想着,拥有一张盛世美颜的顾苏,一觉睡醒来梦想成真了,顾苏开心的笑出猪叫。
  • 追妻无门:女boss不好惹

    追妻无门:女boss不好惹

    青涩蜕变,如今她是能独当一面的女boss,爱了冷泽聿七年,也同样花了七年时间去忘记他。以为是陌路,他突然向他表白,扬言要娶她,她只当他是脑子抽风,他的殷勤她也全都无视。他帮她查她父母的死因,赶走身边情敌,解释当初拒绝她的告别,和故意对她冷漠都是无奈之举。突然爆出她父母的死居然和冷家有丝毫联系,还莫名跳出个公爵未婚夫,扬言要与她履行婚约。峰回路转,破镜还能重圆吗? PS:我又开新文了,每逢假期必书荒,新文《有你的世界遇到爱》,喜欢我的文的朋友可以来看看,这是重生类现言,对这个题材感兴趣的一定要收藏起来。
  • 明清小说·观音菩萨传奇1

    明清小说·观音菩萨传奇1

    明清小说之一,四十回,作者:不题撰人,据明朝朱鼎臣《南海观音菩萨出身修行传》、清末曼陀罗室主人《观音菩萨传奇》等书改编而成。 主要叙述观音身世、刻苦修行与济世救人的故事。继承了元、明、清、民国以来的历代观音小说原有的故事梗概,塑造小说人物的新形象——以传统的观音故事为主线,揉入了大量的古代戏曲、小说、笔记和民间传说中有关观音的情节。此观世音不是《妙法莲华经》里大慈大悲观世音菩萨,而是重塑千余年采历代人民大众集体创造的在中国人心目中集真善美于一身的艺术形象—。
  • 从军行

    从军行

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。汇聚授权电子版权。
  • 青蛙搬家

    青蛙搬家

    拉勾就拉勾,叫铃子伸出手。拉勾上吊,一百年,不许变。我俩大声念着,两只青蛙大概被我们吓着了,它们噗地一声蹬着腿游到塘的另一边去了。我和叫铃子同时念起了另一句话:大雨大雨就要下,青蛙青蛙快搬家。大雨大雨就要下,青蛙青蛙快搬家……
  • 某不科学的神乐御助

    某不科学的神乐御助

    书友群:780195834主世界以魔法禁书目录+某科学的超电磁炮的原创+同人小说,主角自带系统,偶尔会去其他世界。目前第一卷:魔禁/超炮、第二卷:刀剑神域、第三卷:火影忍者、第四卷:魔禁/超炮、第五卷:Minecraft(我的世界)、第六卷:综合卷写作讨论群:390091175