Lord Shaftesbury (who died soon after the King's failure against him),LORD WILLIAM RUSSELL,the Duke of Monmouth,LORD HOWARD,LORD JERSEY,ALGERNON SIDNEY,JOHN HAMPDEN (grandson of the great Hampden),and some others,used to hold a council together after the dissolution of the Parliament,arranging what it might be necessary to do,if the King carried his Popish plot to the utmost height.Lord Shaftesbury having been much the most violent of this party,brought two violent men into their secrets-RUMSEY,who had been a soldier in the Republican army;and WEST,a lawyer.These two knew an old officer of CROMWELL'S,called RUMBOLD,who had married a maltster's widow,and so had come into possession of a solitary dwelling called the Rye House,near Hoddesdon,in Hertfordshire.Rumbold said to them what a capital place this house of his would be from which to shoot at the King,who often passed there going to and fro from Newmarket.They liked the idea,and entertained it.But,one of their body gave information;and they,together with SHEPHERD a wine merchant,Lord Russell,Algernon Sidney,LORD ESSEX,LORD HOWARD,and Hampden,were all arrested.
Lord Russell might have easily escaped,but scorned to do so,being innocent of any wrong;Lord Essex might have easily escaped,but scorned to do so,lest his flight should prejudice Lord Russell.
But it weighed upon his mind that he had brought into their council,Lord Howard-who now turned a miserable traitor-against a great dislike Lord Russell had always had of him.He could not bear the reflection,and destroyed himself before Lord Russell was brought to trial at the Old Bailey.
He knew very well that he had nothing to hope,having always been manful in the Protestant cause against the two false brothers,the one on the throne,and the other standing next to it.He had a wife,one of the noblest and best of women,who acted as his secretary on his trial,who comforted him in his prison,who supped with him on the night before he died,and whose love and virtue and devotion have made her name imperishable.Of course,he was found guilty,and was sentenced to be beheaded in Lincoln's Inn-fields,not many yards from his own house.When he had parted from his children on the evening before his death,his wife still stayed with him until ten o'clock at night;and when their final separation in this world was over,and he had kissed her many times,he still sat for a long while in his prison,talking of her goodness.Hearing the rain fall fast at that time,he calmly said,'Such a rain to-morrow will spoil a great show,which is a dull thing on a rainy day.'At midnight he went to bed,and slept till four;even when his servant called him,he fell asleep again while his clothes were being made ready.He rode to the scaffold in his own carriage,attended by two famous clergymen,TILLOTSON and BURNET,and sang a psalm to himself very softly,as he went along.
He was as quiet and as steady as if he had been going out for an ordinary ride.After saying that he was surprised to see so great a crowd,he laid down his head upon the block,as if upon the pillow of his bed,and had it struck off at the second blow.His noble wife was busy for him even then;for that true-hearted lady printed and widely circulated his last words,of which he had given her a copy.They made the blood of all the honest men in England boil.
The University of Oxford distinguished itself on the very same day by pretending to believe that the accusation against Lord Russell was true,and by calling the King,in a written paper,the Breath of their Nostrils and the Anointed of the Lord.This paper the Parliament afterwards caused to be burned by the common hangman;
Which I am sorry for,as I wish it had been framed and glazed and hung up in some public place,as a monument of baseness for the scorn of mankind.
Next,came the trial of Algernon Sidney,at which Jeffreys presided,like a great crimson toad,sweltering and swelling with rage.'I pray God,Mr.Sidney,'said this Chief Justice of a merry reign,after passing sentence,'to work in you a temper fit to go to the other world,for I see you are not fit for this.''My lord,'said the prisoner,composedly holding out his arm,'feel my pulse,and see if I be disordered.I thank Heaven I never was in better temper than I am now.'Algernon Sidney was executed on Tower Hill,on the seventh of December,one thousand six hundred and eighty-three.He died a hero,and died,in his own words,'For that good old cause in which he had been engaged from his youth,and for which God had so often and so wonderfully declared himself.'
The Duke of Monmouth had been making his uncle,the Duke of York,very jealous,by going about the country in a royal sort of way,playing at the people's games,becoming godfather to their children,and even touching for the King's evil,or stroking the faces of the sick to cure them-though,for the matter of that,I should say he did them about as much good as any crowned king could have done.His father had got him to write a letter,confessing his having had a part in the conspiracy,for which Lord Russell had been beheaded;but he was ever a weak man,and as soon as he had written it,he was ashamed of it and got it back again.For this,he was banished to the Netherlands;but he soon returned and had an interview with his father,unknown to his uncle.It would seem that he was coming into the Merry Monarch's favour again,and that the Duke of York was sliding out of it,when Death appeared to the merry galleries at Whitehall,and astonished the debauched lords and gentlemen,and the shameless ladies,very considerably.
On Monday,the second of February,one thousand six hundred and eighty-five,the merry pensioner and servant of the King of France fell down in a fit of apoplexy.By the Wednesday his case was hopeless,and on the Thursday he was told so.As he made a difficulty about taking the sacrament from the Protestant Bishop of Bath,the Duke of York got all who were present away from the bed,and asked his brother,in a whisper,if he should send for a Catholic priest?The King replied,'For God's sake,brother,do!'
The Duke smuggled in,up the back stairs,disguised in a wig and gown,a priest named HUDDLESTON,who had saved the King's life after the battle of Worcester:telling him that this worthy man in the wig had once saved his body,and was now come to save his soul.
The Merry Monarch lived through that night,and died before noon on the next day,which was Friday,the sixth.Two of the last things he said were of a human sort,and your remembrance will give him the full benefit of them.When the Queen sent to say she was too unwell to attend him and to ask his pardon,he said,'Alas!poor woman,SHE beg MY pardon!I beg hers with all my heart.Take back that answer to her.'And he also said,in reference to Nell Gwyn,'Do not let poor Nelly starve.'
He died in the fifty-fifth year of his age,and the twenty-fifth of his reign.
