And then,Sir,"Yes,there is a man in Westmoreland,And Johnny Armstrong they do him call."There,now,you plunge at once into the subject.You have no previous narration to lead you to it.The two next lines in that Ode are,I think,very good:
"Though fann'd by conquest's crimson wing,They mock the air with idle state."'
Finding him in a placid humour,and wishing to avail myself of the opportunity which I fortunately had of consulting a sage,to hear whose wisdom,I conceived in the ardour of youthful imagination,that men filled with a noble enthusiasm for intellectual improvement would gladly have resorted from distant lands;--Iopened my mind to him ingenuously,and gave him a little sketch of my life,to which he was pleased to listen with great attention.
I acknowledged,that though educated very strictly in the principles of religion,I had for some time been misled into a certain degree of infidelity;but that I was come now to a better way of thinking,and was fully satisfied of the truth of the Christian revelation,though I was not clear as to every point considered to be orthodox.Being at all times a curious examiner of the human mind,and pleased with an undisguised display of what had passed in it,he called to me with warmth,'Give me your hand;I have taken a liking to you.'He then began to descant upon the force of testimony,and the little we could know of final causes;so that the objections of,why was it so?or why was it not so?
ought not to disturb us:adding,that he himself had at one period been guilty of a temporary neglect of religion,but that it was not the result of argument,but mere absence of thought.
After having given credit to reports of his bigotry,I was agreeably surprized when he expressed the following very liberal sentiment,which has the additional value of obviating an objection to our holy religion,founded upon the discordant tenets of Christians themselves:'For my part,Sir,I think all Christians,whether Papists or Protestants,agree in the essential articles,and that their differences are trivial,and rather political than religious.'
We talked of belief in ghosts.He said,'Sir,I make a distinction between what a man may experience by the mere strength of his imagination,and what imagination cannot possibly produce.Thus,suppose I should think that I saw a form,and heard a voice cry "Johnson,you are a very wicked fellow,and unless you repent you will certainly be punished;"my own unworthiness is so deeply impressed upon my mind,that I might IMAGINE I thus saw and heard,and therefore I should not believe that an external communication had been made to me.But if a form should appear,and a voice should tell me that a particular man had died at a particular place,and a particular hour,a fact which I had no apprehension of,nor any means of knowing,and this fact,with all its circumstances,should afterwards be unquestionably proved,Ishould,in that case,be persuaded that I had supernatural intelligence imparted to me.'
Here it is proper,once for all,to give a true and fair statement of Johnson's way of thinking upon the question,whether departed spirits are ever permitted to appear in this world,or in any way to operate upon human life.He has been ignorantly misrepresented as weakly credulous upon that subject;and,therefore,though Ifeel an inclination to disdain and treat with silent contempt so foolish a notion concerning my illustrious friend,yet as I find it has gained ground,it is necessary to refute it.The real fact then is,that Johnson had a very philosophical mind,and such a rational respect for testimony,as to make him submit his understanding to what was authentically proved,though he could not comprehend why it was so.Being thus disposed,he was willing to inquire into the truth of any relation of supernatural agency,a general belief of which has prevailed in all nations and ages.But so far was he from being the dupe of implicit faith,that he examined the matter with a jealous attention,and no man was more ready to refute its falsehood when he had discovered it.
Churchill,in his poem entitled The Ghost,availed himself of the absurd credulity imputed to Johnson,and drew a caricature of him under the name of 'POMPOSO,'representing him as one of the believers of the story of a Ghost in Cock-lane,which,in the year 1762,had gained very general credit in London.Many of my readers,I am convinced,are to this hour under an impression that Johnson was thus foolishly deceived.It will therefore surprize them a good deal when they are informed upon undoubted authority,that Johnson was one of those by whom the imposture was detected.
The story had become so popular,that he thought it should be investigated;and in this research he was assisted by the Reverend Dr.Douglas,now Bishop of Salisbury,the great detector of impostures;who informs me,that after the gentlemen who went and examined into the evidence were satisfied of its falsity,Johnson wrote in their presence an account of it,which was published in the newspapers and Gentleman's Magazine,and undeceived the world.
Our conversation proceeded.'Sir,(said he)I am a friend to subordination,as most conducive to the happiness of society.
There is a reciprocal pleasure in governing and being governed.'
'Dr.Goldsmith is one of the first men we now have as an authour,and he is a very worthy man too.He has been loose in his principles,but he is coming right.'
