[4]A present made to friends or to the household on returning from a journey is thus called.Ordinarily,of course,the miyage consists of something produced in the locality to which the journey has been made:this is the point of Kwairyo's jest.
(6)Present-day Nagano Prefecture.
A DEAD SECRET
(1)On the present-day map,Tamba corresponds roughly to the central area of Kyoto Prefecture and part of Hyogo Prefecture.
[1]The Hour of the Rat (Ne-no-Koku),according to the old Japanese method of reckoning time,was the first hour.It corresponded to the time between our midnight and two o'clock in the morning;for the ancient Japanese hours were each equal to two modern hours.
[2]Kaimyo,the posthumous Buddhist name,or religious name,given to the dead.Strictly speaking,the meaning of the work is sila-name.(See my paper entitled,"The Literature of the Dead"in Exotics and Retrospectives.)
YUKI-ONNA
(1)An ancient province whose boundaries took in most of present-day Tokyo,and parts of Saitama and Kanagawa prefectures.
[1]That is to say,with a floor-surface of about six feet square.
[2]This name,signifying "Snow,"is not uncommon.On the subject of Japanese female names,see my paper in the volume entitled Shadowings.
(2)Also spelled Edo,the former name of Tokyo.
THE STORY OF AOYAGI
(1)An ancient province corresponding to the northern part of present-day Ishikawa Prefecture.
(2)An ancient province corresponding to the eastern part of present-day Fukui Prefecture.
[1]The name signifies "Green Willow;"--though rarely met with,it is still in use.
[2]The poem may be read in two ways;several of the phrases having a double meaning.But the art of its construction would need considerable space to explain,and could scarcely interest the Western reader.The meaning which Tomotada desired to convey might be thus expressed:--"While journeying to visit my mother,I met with a being lovely as a flower;and for the sake of that lovely person,I am passing the day here...Fair one,wherefore that dawn-like blush before the hour of dawn?--can it mean that you love me?"
[3]Another reading is possible;but this one gives the signification of the answer intended.
[4]So the Japanese story-teller would have us believe,--although the verses seem commonplace in translation.I have tried to give only their general meaning:an effective literal translation would require some scholarship.
JIU-ROKU-ZAKURA
(1)Present-day Ehime Prefecture.
THE DREAM OF AKINOSUKE
(1)Present-day Nara Prefecture.
[1]This name "Tokoyo"is indefinite.According to circumstances it may signify any unknown country,--or that undiscovered country from whose bourn no traveler returns,--or that Fairyland of far-eastern fable,the Realm of Horai.The term "Kokuo"means the ruler of a country,--therefore a king.The original phrase,Tokoyo no Kokuo,might be rendered here as "the Ruler of Horai,"or "the King of Fairyland."
[2]The last phrase,according to old custom,had to be uttered by both attendants at the same time.All these ceremonial observances can still be studied on the Japanese stage.
[3]This was the name given to the estrade,or dais,upon which a feudal prince or ruler sat in state.The term literally signifies "great seat."
RIKI-BAKA
(1)Kana:the Japanese phonetic alphabet.
(2)"So-and-so":appellation used by Hearn in place of the real name.
(3)A section of Tokyo.
[1]A square piece of cotton-goods,or other woven material,used as a wrapper in which to carry small packages.
(4)Ten yen is nothing now,but was a formidable sum then.
BUTTERFLIES
(1)Haiku.
[1]"The modest nymph beheld her God,and blushed."(Or,in a more familiar rendering:"The modest water saw its God,and blushed.")In this line the double value of the word nympha --used by classical poets both in the meaning of fountain and in that of the divinity of a fountain,or spring --reminds one of that graceful playing with words which Japanese poets practice.
